<<back

Values-Based Lessons Learned

Impact Evaluation Study (IES) of Water Supply and   Sanitation Project

Dr. K. E. Seetharam
Asian Development Bank

Scope of  IES

•1000 in-country surveys conducted
•200 stakeholders consulted
•6 case studies done in 5 countries
•50 loan and project reports reviewed

 

Case studies

PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA

Dalian Water Supply Project

MALAYSIA

Kedah Water Supply Project

SRI LANKA

First and Second Water Supply Sector Project

PHlLIPPINES

Second Island Provinces Rural Water Supply Sector Project

INDIA

Anantapur Sathya Sai Drinking Water Supply Project

Lesson # 1: Water  Use

Taps not the only way to distribute drinking water

•Everyone needs water

•People are willing to pay for drinking water, even up to 7000 times the cost of piped water

•Companies successfully distribute bottled drinking water

Success stories from PRC…

Lesson # 2: Promote good hygiene and health practices

•Providing good quality water is not enough
•Good sanitation and hygiene practices must also be encouraged

SPARC model in India…

Lesson # 3: Water Demand

Reduce non-revenue water (NRW)

•Detect and check leaks
•NRW of 25-30% or lower is possible (Dalian experience)

Caretaker approach of ADB and water utility reforms in PRC…

Lesson # 4: Practice demand side management

•Viable alternative to supply expansion, particularly in water-scarce areas

Succeeds with political support, awareness, and water conservation by users

Success stories in Dalian…

Lesson # 5: Water Projects

Implement socially oriented water projects

•Local governments, NGOs and communities together can quickly implement projects
•People will not wait… they will find ways to get water

Successful NGO projects in India and Indonesia…

Lesson # 6: Involve beneficiaries at all project stages

•Just one committed person can make a difference
•Convince institutional players to participate
•Projects should Educate, Encourage, and Employ beneficiaries

Success stories from Philippines and Malaysia…

Lesson # 7: Water Financing

Full cost recovery is not impossible

•Low tariffs are politically driven -- people are willing to pay for house connections and 24-hr supply
•Involving private sector in distribution is first step to reducing losses from theft

Success stories from PRC…