After modernization movement in the Fifth reign (1868-1910), many palaces were redeveloped and changed into government offices including the Territorial Department. The main building was constructed in Roman style which is apparently noticeable by its pediment at the entrance as well as other architectural elements like columns, openings and architraves.

This bridge was originally built with teak timber in the third reign (1824-1851). The timber structure was replaced by a concrete bridge in the sixth reign (1910-1920). The name "MON" in Thai means an ethnic group called Pequan living in a town called Pegu in the south of Myanmar. In the past, Mon traders used to settle their boathouses in the area of Mon bridge nowadays.

Saranrom Royal Garden is a green space in front of the former Saranrom Palace (Ministry of Foreign Affairs at present) built in 1868. The garden was later created in 1874 (the Fifth reign) and had been used for many purposes before 1960. Since 1960, the garden has been rehabilitated to be a public park which is maintained by Bangkok Metropolitan Administration. In the park, there are many interesting monuments and one of them is the memorial of Queen Sunantha Kumareerat who passed away from boat accident in 1880 when she was still young. Queen Sunantha Kumareerat is King Rama V's beloved consort. The marble memorial was built in the same year right after the Queen's death.

This small Buddhist temple was built in the Fourth reign (1851-1868). The mame "Ratchapradit" is derived from a temple located in the former capital of Thailand, Ayuttaya. There are many interesting monuments in this temple, such as the main hall, marble stupa, bell tower and library building.

This walkway bridge was built in 1911. The Queen Mother of King Rama V1 granted the construction cost to commemorate her fourth cycle (48 year-old) birthday which fell on the year of pig. At the beginning, the bridge had no given name until a pig memorial was built nearby ("Pee Goon" means year of pig). The bridge has four decorative posts symbolizing birthday candles of fourth cycle. And the oval plates on each post means the cycle of birthday.

Pig Memorial

The Pig Memorial was created in 1913 (in the sixth reign) as a birthday present to Queen Mother Sri Patcharintra. Pig figure is the symbol of the birth year of the Queen. The memorial was built from donation of the Queen's friends.

Ministry of Interior is another example of the redevelopment of government office taken place on the former palace area. The area of three palaces built during the Second and the Third reigns (1809-1851) was transferred to be the governmental land where the main hall of Ministry of Interior was built in the Fifth reign (l 868-19lO). The building has a square shape with spacious inner-court. The outstanding feature is seen by rusticated wall and keystones at transoms which are usually found in European Renaissance architecture.

In the past, this area was a part of Saranrom Palace. In 1887 a wooden building was built to be the Military Academy and in 1892, the 2-storeyed concrete building was built to substitute the wooden structure.

After Military Academy and other military departments were relocated, this building has been used as the office of Royal Survey Department since 1931. Although the overall feature of the building is understood that it derives influences from European architecture, some stucco and details were created in Thai style.

Chang Rong Si bridge was built in 1910 from the donation of Prince Damrong Rajanubharb, the first Minister of Interior. Following the idea of his Majesty King Rama V, the Prince commemorated his fourth cycle birthday by building a bridge for public use.

This huge building was built in 1882 and completed in 1884 on the land of former three palaces existed in the First reign (1782-1809).

It was used as barrack and storehouse at the beginning and became the head office of Ministry of Defence later. The Roman pediment and six columns supporting the front balcony are very outstanding and representing power of the Army. The front garden is decorated with ancient which also symbolizes the power.

Hok means lifting or converting. The platform of this wooden bridge can be lifted up like a Dutch bridge. Hok bridge seen at present is the one which has been reconstructed recently. This type of bridge was first built in the late of the Fourth reign (1851-1868).

One of the "Charoen..."series bridges built during the Sixth reign (1910-1925). Charoensri bridge was built in 1913 from the King's private fund to celebrate his 34 year-old birthday. The bridge has 4 plaster posts decorated with western-style stucco. The Thai figure "4" on each post means the fourth year in the throne of King Rama VI.

This temple was built in the Third reign ( 1824-1851). Chao Phraya Sutham Montri (a senior rank of civil servant post) Boonsri Buranasiri built this temple on the land of his birthplace. He is the first generation of "Buranasiri" family. Main chapel of the temple or Ubosot was built in Thai style. The main pagoda (stupa) is an example of early Rattanakosin architectural style but the bell tower was built in Chinese style.

"U-Tok" means "water" and "Tan" means "give" or "donate". U-Toktan is a figure of Earth Goddess who gives water to the people. It is one of the most beautiful public faucets in the city. The statue was built in 1872 (the Sixth reign) from the private fund of Queen Mother Sri Patcharintra. U-toktan was open for public use on December 27, 1872 which fell on the birthday of the Queen.

The name of the bridge means the passage of the King. This bridge was built in 1906 (during the Fifth reign) to connect Ratchadamneun boulevard with Inner Rathcadamneun road towards the Grand Palace. This bridge had been widened and repaired many times due to the increasing demand of the traffic volume. Actually, the original banisters were very beautiful, unfortunately they were taken to nowhere during the reparation which had been done many times.

This large open space has existed since the emergence of Rattanakosin. Earlier, Sanam Luang had smaller size than today until the field was extended and reshaped in the Fifth reign (1868-1910). Tamarind trees around the field were also planted in the same period which means they have been standing for about 100 years. Sanam Luang has been used for various public activities. Besides being huge open space in the city core area, it is also used for some Royal rites and ceremonies, including Royal funeral, public meeting and it was the place where weekend market(now relocated to Chatuchak park) had been taking place for many years.

This memorial was built in the Sixth reign in l 919 to keep the ashes of Thai soldiers who died in the First World War. Thailand sent the expeditionary force of 1,200 volunteers to support Right in Europe in 1918 and 19 soldiers died. Name of the 19 soldiers were engraved on the four panels of the memorial.

The first museum was introduced in Thailand in the Fourth reign (1851-1868). The King used two buildings in the Grand Palace to keep his private antique collections. But the first public museum was open in 1874 (the Fifth reign) in a building namely "Sala Sahathai Samakom" located in the precinct of the Grand Palace. The museum was relocated in 1887 to the area of the Crown Prince after the Crown Prince appointment post was abolished. At present, many significant buildings in the former Crown Prince Palace are being used as national museum exhibition halls.

Located in an area of the Palace of the Second Sovereign, National Theatre was built in 1960 and completed in 1965. The T-shaped building has a combination of Thai and International styles. The Thai feature seems to dominate the overall appearance of the theatre since it is expressed by roofing, high-relief of God of Arts, and sculptures of characters of Thai classical plays.

At the east entrance yard, the statue of King Pin Klao is standing. The statue was built recently in 1965. King Pin Klao is a younger brother of King Rama IV (18031868) and the King appointed him the Second Sovereign of Thai Kingdom at that time.

Wat Bovon Sathan Sutthawas was built in the Third reign (1824-1851) within the area of the Crown Prince Palace as the Crown Prince Royal temple. After the Crown Prince appointment was revoked in the Fifth reign ( 18681910), the Crown Prince Palace area had been subdivided into National Museum (No. 35), the extended area of Royal Field (Sanam Luang No. 33), and Thammasat University (No. 1). After the change, only one building of Wat Bovon Sathan Sutthawas remains, that is, the main hall (called Ubosot or both in Thai). Access to the main hall is via the entrance of Chang Slip (Arts and Crafts) College located next to the National Theatre (No.37)