where educational

Primary school uses television as a teaching aid but not widespread. Computers are currently being supplied.

In primary and secondary schools, TV is used extensively, complimenting national broadcasting strategies. Computers are extensively used. Each classroom has at least one, with computer labs and used on weekends too (supervised).

In open learning, computer is used in technical and vocational education and university level. Degree and diploma courses are delivered either through the internet, computer-aided or radio-based.

TV station (Channel 11) offers education informal education programmes. Another TV Station offers educational programmes to specific schools such as a school in Southern Thailand. Specific subjects such as English Language is offered through radio, as well as informal education.

Computers in the Ministry of Education are available. Computers are currently being supplied to primary and secondary schools. Thirty percent are covered in primary schools and at least 50% of secondary schools in the city.

A network programme called Schoolnet was recently established in primary and secondary schools, including programmes that would help teachers produce teaching materials.

Computer services are offered to administrators and officials in the Ministry. Computer literacy is required for promotion.

IT supported education in the Philippines dates back in the 50s when radio was still in vogue. TV began in the 70s started by Ateneo de Manila University. Only problem was, it catered only to schools who could afford the technology. Instead of being an equalizer, IT as educational material was stopped in the early 70s during martial law. ED TV peaked up again in recent years when a private outfit developed programmes along specific areas such as science, mathematics and social science. It is now being used in the entire archipelago.

At the secondary level, a foundation called FUSE aimed to develop science and mathematics programmes aired on TV, Saturdays and Sundays unfortunately the programme has difficulty getting primetime schedule.

Computers are used as instructional aids but the number is inadequate for public schools, depending on whether schools or districts could afford.

Teacher training go side by side with educational administrator training on what computers can do to help them. Public and private partnerships on television is being done. National government provides seed money. Private professional organizations, like the Philippine Computer Education Society and others provide computer learning expertise as part of their outreach programme.

Initiatives on higher education level have been done. The Philippines now has the UPOU (University of the Philippines Open Learning University). There is also a programme in the Southern Philippines which uses radio, aiding masteral programmes for teachers living in remote islands.

Lao PDR is not a very developed country but there are efforts to use technology in education. In primary and secondary level, computers are mostly used in private schools in the city and also in teacher training institutions.

Indonesia started using TV for primary, secondary and higher education in 1991. It stopped in 1997 because the education programme was run in collaboration with a private channel and the private channel was not making money. Now, it is using another channel. Direct satellite will start in year 2000.

Use of radio started in the 70s for secondary school, open schools and universities, and in training primary school teachers, especially those living in remote areas.

Stand-alone computers have been used in some schools. Next year networking will start with 2,000 high schools.

There are problems with broadcast scheduling of school. To solve this, schools now use videotaped programmes.

At its initial stage, the use of computer networking tutorial interactive programme was used as a supplement for printed materials in open learning universities.

Computer programmes were developed from timetable to budgeting, etc. and for processing development projects across the country. As a result, 671 projects concerning education were implemented, using database and spreadsheet programmes.

In distance education, TV and radio have been used to complement classroom learning. New communication information technology mostly computers and networking is now the priority. Eighty per cent of the high schools were networked on the internet. CD ROMs have been produced for delivering curriculum and administration.

Radio and TV programmes provide two way discussions. Network in Australia called EDNA, a network of all schools with 10,000 high schools, universities and technical colleges links databases and other information between schools.

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